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Aspen Tension Wood Fibers Contain β-(1---> 4)-Galactans and Acidic Arabinogalactans Retained by Cellulose Microfibrils in Gelatinous Walls.

Identifieur interne : 001E89 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 001E88; suivant : 001E90

Aspen Tension Wood Fibers Contain β-(1---> 4)-Galactans and Acidic Arabinogalactans Retained by Cellulose Microfibrils in Gelatinous Walls.

Auteurs : Tatyana Gorshkova [Royaume-Uni] ; Natalia Mokshina [Royaume-Uni] ; Tatyana Chernova [Royaume-Uni] ; Nadezhda Ibragimova [Royaume-Uni] ; Vadim Salnikov [Royaume-Uni] ; Polina Mikshina [Royaume-Uni] ; Theodora Tryfona [Royaume-Uni] ; Alicja Banasiak [Royaume-Uni] ; Peter Immerzeel [Royaume-Uni] ; Paul Dupree [Royaume-Uni] ; Ewa J. Mellerowicz [Royaume-Uni]

Source :

RBID : pubmed:26378099

Descripteurs français

English descriptors

Abstract

Contractile cell walls are found in various plant organs and tissues such as tendrils, contractile roots, and tension wood. The tension-generating mechanism is not known but is thought to involve special cell wall architecture. We previously postulated that tension could result from the entrapment of certain matrix polymers within cellulose microfibrils. As reported here, this hypothesis was corroborated by sequential extraction and analysis of cell wall polymers that are retained by cellulose microfibrils in tension wood and normal wood of hybrid aspen (Populus tremula × Populus tremuloides). β-(1→4)-Galactan and type II arabinogalactan were the main large matrix polymers retained by cellulose microfibrils that were specifically found in tension wood. Xyloglucan was detected mostly in oligomeric form in the alkali-labile fraction and was enriched in tension wood. β-(1→4)-Galactan and rhamnogalacturonan I backbone epitopes were localized in the gelatinous cell wall layer. Type II arabinogalactans retained by cellulose microfibrils had a higher content of (methyl)glucuronic acid and galactose in tension wood than in normal wood. Thus, β-(1→4)-galactan and a specialized form of type II arabinogalactan are trapped by cellulose microfibrils specifically in tension wood and, thus, are the main candidate polymers for the generation of tensional stresses by the entrapment mechanism. We also found high β-galactosidase activity accompanying tension wood differentiation and propose a testable hypothesis that such activity might regulate galactan entrapment and, thus, mechanical properties of cell walls in tension wood.

DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.00690
PubMed: 26378099
PubMed Central: PMC4634055


Affiliations:


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<name sortKey="Dupree, Paul" sort="Dupree, Paul" uniqKey="Dupree P" first="Paul" last="Dupree">Paul Dupree</name>
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<nlm:affiliation>Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Scientific Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia (T.G., N.M., T.C., N.I., V.S., P.M.);Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom (T.T., P.D.);Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umea Plant Science Centre, 90183 Umea, Sweden (A.B., P.I., E.J.M.); andInstitute of Experimental Biology, University of Wroclaw, 50-328 Wroclaw, Poland (A.B.).</nlm:affiliation>
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<name sortKey="Mellerowicz, Ewa J" sort="Mellerowicz, Ewa J" uniqKey="Mellerowicz E" first="Ewa J" last="Mellerowicz">Ewa J. Mellerowicz</name>
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<title xml:lang="en">Aspen Tension Wood Fibers Contain β-(1---> 4)-Galactans and Acidic Arabinogalactans Retained by Cellulose Microfibrils in Gelatinous Walls.</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gorshkova, Tatyana" sort="Gorshkova, Tatyana" uniqKey="Gorshkova T" first="Tatyana" last="Gorshkova">Tatyana Gorshkova</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:affiliation>Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Scientific Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia (T.G., N.M., T.C., N.I., V.S., P.M.);Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom (T.T., P.D.);Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umea Plant Science Centre, 90183 Umea, Sweden (A.B., P.I., E.J.M.); andInstitute of Experimental Biology, University of Wroclaw, 50-328 Wroclaw, Poland (A.B.) gorshkova@kibb.knc.ru ewa.mellerowicz@slu.se.</nlm:affiliation>
<orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName>
<country>Royaume-Uni</country>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region>
</placeName>
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<name sortKey="Mokshina, Natalia" sort="Mokshina, Natalia" uniqKey="Mokshina N" first="Natalia" last="Mokshina">Natalia Mokshina</name>
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<nlm:affiliation>Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Scientific Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia (T.G., N.M., T.C., N.I., V.S., P.M.);Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom (T.T., P.D.);Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umea Plant Science Centre, 90183 Umea, Sweden (A.B., P.I., E.J.M.); andInstitute of Experimental Biology, University of Wroclaw, 50-328 Wroclaw, Poland (A.B.).</nlm:affiliation>
<orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName>
<country>Royaume-Uni</country>
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<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region>
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<nlm:affiliation>Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Scientific Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia (T.G., N.M., T.C., N.I., V.S., P.M.);Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom (T.T., P.D.);Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umea Plant Science Centre, 90183 Umea, Sweden (A.B., P.I., E.J.M.); andInstitute of Experimental Biology, University of Wroclaw, 50-328 Wroclaw, Poland (A.B.).</nlm:affiliation>
<orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName>
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<region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region>
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<name sortKey="Ibragimova, Nadezhda" sort="Ibragimova, Nadezhda" uniqKey="Ibragimova N" first="Nadezhda" last="Ibragimova">Nadezhda Ibragimova</name>
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<nlm:affiliation>Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Scientific Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia (T.G., N.M., T.C., N.I., V.S., P.M.);Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom (T.T., P.D.);Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umea Plant Science Centre, 90183 Umea, Sweden (A.B., P.I., E.J.M.); andInstitute of Experimental Biology, University of Wroclaw, 50-328 Wroclaw, Poland (A.B.).</nlm:affiliation>
<orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName>
<country>Royaume-Uni</country>
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<settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement>
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<region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region>
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<name sortKey="Salnikov, Vadim" sort="Salnikov, Vadim" uniqKey="Salnikov V" first="Vadim" last="Salnikov">Vadim Salnikov</name>
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<nlm:affiliation>Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Scientific Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia (T.G., N.M., T.C., N.I., V.S., P.M.);Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom (T.T., P.D.);Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umea Plant Science Centre, 90183 Umea, Sweden (A.B., P.I., E.J.M.); andInstitute of Experimental Biology, University of Wroclaw, 50-328 Wroclaw, Poland (A.B.).</nlm:affiliation>
<orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName>
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<region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region>
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<name sortKey="Mikshina, Polina" sort="Mikshina, Polina" uniqKey="Mikshina P" first="Polina" last="Mikshina">Polina Mikshina</name>
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<nlm:affiliation>Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Scientific Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia (T.G., N.M., T.C., N.I., V.S., P.M.);Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom (T.T., P.D.);Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umea Plant Science Centre, 90183 Umea, Sweden (A.B., P.I., E.J.M.); andInstitute of Experimental Biology, University of Wroclaw, 50-328 Wroclaw, Poland (A.B.).</nlm:affiliation>
<orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName>
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<settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region>
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<name sortKey="Tryfona, Theodora" sort="Tryfona, Theodora" uniqKey="Tryfona T" first="Theodora" last="Tryfona">Theodora Tryfona</name>
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<nlm:affiliation>Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Scientific Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia (T.G., N.M., T.C., N.I., V.S., P.M.);Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom (T.T., P.D.);Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umea Plant Science Centre, 90183 Umea, Sweden (A.B., P.I., E.J.M.); andInstitute of Experimental Biology, University of Wroclaw, 50-328 Wroclaw, Poland (A.B.).</nlm:affiliation>
<orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName>
<country>Royaume-Uni</country>
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<settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region>
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<name sortKey="Banasiak, Alicja" sort="Banasiak, Alicja" uniqKey="Banasiak A" first="Alicja" last="Banasiak">Alicja Banasiak</name>
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<nlm:affiliation>Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Scientific Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia (T.G., N.M., T.C., N.I., V.S., P.M.);Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom (T.T., P.D.);Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umea Plant Science Centre, 90183 Umea, Sweden (A.B., P.I., E.J.M.); andInstitute of Experimental Biology, University of Wroclaw, 50-328 Wroclaw, Poland (A.B.).</nlm:affiliation>
<orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName>
<country>Royaume-Uni</country>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
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<name sortKey="Immerzeel, Peter" sort="Immerzeel, Peter" uniqKey="Immerzeel P" first="Peter" last="Immerzeel">Peter Immerzeel</name>
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<country>Royaume-Uni</country>
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<name sortKey="Dupree, Paul" sort="Dupree, Paul" uniqKey="Dupree P" first="Paul" last="Dupree">Paul Dupree</name>
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<name sortKey="Mellerowicz, Ewa J" sort="Mellerowicz, Ewa J" uniqKey="Mellerowicz E" first="Ewa J" last="Mellerowicz">Ewa J. Mellerowicz</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:affiliation>Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Scientific Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia (T.G., N.M., T.C., N.I., V.S., P.M.);Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom (T.T., P.D.);Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umea Plant Science Centre, 90183 Umea, Sweden (A.B., P.I., E.J.M.); andInstitute of Experimental Biology, University of Wroclaw, 50-328 Wroclaw, Poland (A.B.) gorshkova@kibb.knc.ru ewa.mellerowicz@slu.se.</nlm:affiliation>
<orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName>
<country>Royaume-Uni</country>
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<settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement>
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<region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region>
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<series>
<title level="j">Plant physiology</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1532-2548</idno>
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<term>Biopolymers (chemistry)</term>
<term>Biopolymers (metabolism)</term>
<term>Cell Wall (chemistry)</term>
<term>Cell Wall (metabolism)</term>
<term>Cellulose (chemistry)</term>
<term>Cellulose (metabolism)</term>
<term>Galactans (chemistry)</term>
<term>Galactans (metabolism)</term>
<term>Galactose (metabolism)</term>
<term>Gelatin (chemistry)</term>
<term>Gelatin (metabolism)</term>
<term>Glucans (chemistry)</term>
<term>Glucans (metabolism)</term>
<term>Microfibrils (chemistry)</term>
<term>Microfibrils (metabolism)</term>
<term>Models, Biological (MeSH)</term>
<term>Pectins (chemistry)</term>
<term>Pectins (metabolism)</term>
<term>Polysaccharides (chemistry)</term>
<term>Polysaccharides (metabolism)</term>
<term>Populus (chemistry)</term>
<term>Populus (cytology)</term>
<term>Populus (metabolism)</term>
<term>Wood (chemistry)</term>
<term>Wood (cytology)</term>
<term>Wood (metabolism)</term>
<term>Xylans (chemistry)</term>
<term>Xylans (metabolism)</term>
<term>beta-Galactosidase (metabolism)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Biopolymères (composition chimique)</term>
<term>Biopolymères (métabolisme)</term>
<term>Bois (composition chimique)</term>
<term>Bois (cytologie)</term>
<term>Bois (métabolisme)</term>
<term>Cellulose (composition chimique)</term>
<term>Cellulose (métabolisme)</term>
<term>Galactanes (composition chimique)</term>
<term>Galactanes (métabolisme)</term>
<term>Galactose (métabolisme)</term>
<term>Glucanes (composition chimique)</term>
<term>Glucanes (métabolisme)</term>
<term>Gélatine (composition chimique)</term>
<term>Gélatine (métabolisme)</term>
<term>Microfibrilles (composition chimique)</term>
<term>Microfibrilles (métabolisme)</term>
<term>Modèles biologiques (MeSH)</term>
<term>Paroi cellulaire (composition chimique)</term>
<term>Paroi cellulaire (métabolisme)</term>
<term>Pectine (composition chimique)</term>
<term>Pectine (métabolisme)</term>
<term>Polyosides (composition chimique)</term>
<term>Polyosides (métabolisme)</term>
<term>Populus (composition chimique)</term>
<term>Populus (cytologie)</term>
<term>Populus (métabolisme)</term>
<term>Xylanes (composition chimique)</term>
<term>Xylanes (métabolisme)</term>
<term>beta-Galactosidase (métabolisme)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="chemistry" xml:lang="en">
<term>Biopolymers</term>
<term>Cellulose</term>
<term>Galactans</term>
<term>Gelatin</term>
<term>Glucans</term>
<term>Pectins</term>
<term>Polysaccharides</term>
<term>Xylans</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en">
<term>Biopolymers</term>
<term>Cellulose</term>
<term>Galactans</term>
<term>Galactose</term>
<term>Gelatin</term>
<term>Glucans</term>
<term>Pectins</term>
<term>Polysaccharides</term>
<term>Xylans</term>
<term>beta-Galactosidase</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="chemistry" xml:lang="en">
<term>Cell Wall</term>
<term>Microfibrils</term>
<term>Populus</term>
<term>Wood</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="composition chimique" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Biopolymères</term>
<term>Bois</term>
<term>Cellulose</term>
<term>Galactanes</term>
<term>Glucanes</term>
<term>Gélatine</term>
<term>Microfibrilles</term>
<term>Paroi cellulaire</term>
<term>Pectine</term>
<term>Polyosides</term>
<term>Populus</term>
<term>Xylanes</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="cytologie" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Bois</term>
<term>Populus</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="cytology" xml:lang="en">
<term>Populus</term>
<term>Wood</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en">
<term>Cell Wall</term>
<term>Microfibrils</term>
<term>Populus</term>
<term>Wood</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="métabolisme" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Biopolymères</term>
<term>Bois</term>
<term>Cellulose</term>
<term>Galactanes</term>
<term>Galactose</term>
<term>Glucanes</term>
<term>Gélatine</term>
<term>Microfibrilles</term>
<term>Paroi cellulaire</term>
<term>Pectine</term>
<term>Polyosides</term>
<term>Populus</term>
<term>Xylanes</term>
<term>beta-Galactosidase</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en">
<term>Models, Biological</term>
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<term>Modèles biologiques</term>
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<front>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Contractile cell walls are found in various plant organs and tissues such as tendrils, contractile roots, and tension wood. The tension-generating mechanism is not known but is thought to involve special cell wall architecture. We previously postulated that tension could result from the entrapment of certain matrix polymers within cellulose microfibrils. As reported here, this hypothesis was corroborated by sequential extraction and analysis of cell wall polymers that are retained by cellulose microfibrils in tension wood and normal wood of hybrid aspen (Populus tremula × Populus tremuloides). β-(1→4)-Galactan and type II arabinogalactan were the main large matrix polymers retained by cellulose microfibrils that were specifically found in tension wood. Xyloglucan was detected mostly in oligomeric form in the alkali-labile fraction and was enriched in tension wood. β-(1→4)-Galactan and rhamnogalacturonan I backbone epitopes were localized in the gelatinous cell wall layer. Type II arabinogalactans retained by cellulose microfibrils had a higher content of (methyl)glucuronic acid and galactose in tension wood than in normal wood. Thus, β-(1→4)-galactan and a specialized form of type II arabinogalactan are trapped by cellulose microfibrils specifically in tension wood and, thus, are the main candidate polymers for the generation of tensional stresses by the entrapment mechanism. We also found high β-galactosidase activity accompanying tension wood differentiation and propose a testable hypothesis that such activity might regulate galactan entrapment and, thus, mechanical properties of cell walls in tension wood.</div>
</front>
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<pubmed>
<MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM">
<PMID Version="1">26378099</PMID>
<DateCompleted>
<Year>2017</Year>
<Month>10</Month>
<Day>30</Day>
</DateCompleted>
<DateRevised>
<Year>2019</Year>
<Month>01</Month>
<Day>08</Day>
</DateRevised>
<Article PubModel="Print-Electronic">
<Journal>
<ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1532-2548</ISSN>
<JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet">
<Volume>169</Volume>
<Issue>3</Issue>
<PubDate>
<Year>2015</Year>
<Month>Nov</Month>
</PubDate>
</JournalIssue>
<Title>Plant physiology</Title>
<ISOAbbreviation>Plant Physiol</ISOAbbreviation>
</Journal>
<ArticleTitle>Aspen Tension Wood Fibers Contain β-(1---> 4)-Galactans and Acidic Arabinogalactans Retained by Cellulose Microfibrils in Gelatinous Walls.</ArticleTitle>
<Pagination>
<MedlinePgn>2048-63</MedlinePgn>
</Pagination>
<ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1104/pp.15.00690</ELocationID>
<Abstract>
<AbstractText>Contractile cell walls are found in various plant organs and tissues such as tendrils, contractile roots, and tension wood. The tension-generating mechanism is not known but is thought to involve special cell wall architecture. We previously postulated that tension could result from the entrapment of certain matrix polymers within cellulose microfibrils. As reported here, this hypothesis was corroborated by sequential extraction and analysis of cell wall polymers that are retained by cellulose microfibrils in tension wood and normal wood of hybrid aspen (Populus tremula × Populus tremuloides). β-(1→4)-Galactan and type II arabinogalactan were the main large matrix polymers retained by cellulose microfibrils that were specifically found in tension wood. Xyloglucan was detected mostly in oligomeric form in the alkali-labile fraction and was enriched in tension wood. β-(1→4)-Galactan and rhamnogalacturonan I backbone epitopes were localized in the gelatinous cell wall layer. Type II arabinogalactans retained by cellulose microfibrils had a higher content of (methyl)glucuronic acid and galactose in tension wood than in normal wood. Thus, β-(1→4)-galactan and a specialized form of type II arabinogalactan are trapped by cellulose microfibrils specifically in tension wood and, thus, are the main candidate polymers for the generation of tensional stresses by the entrapment mechanism. We also found high β-galactosidase activity accompanying tension wood differentiation and propose a testable hypothesis that such activity might regulate galactan entrapment and, thus, mechanical properties of cell walls in tension wood.</AbstractText>
<CopyrightInformation>© 2015 American Society of Plant Biologists. All Rights Reserved.</CopyrightInformation>
</Abstract>
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<LastName>Gorshkova</LastName>
<ForeName>Tatyana</ForeName>
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<Affiliation>Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Scientific Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia (T.G., N.M., T.C., N.I., V.S., P.M.);Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom (T.T., P.D.);Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umea Plant Science Centre, 90183 Umea, Sweden (A.B., P.I., E.J.M.); andInstitute of Experimental Biology, University of Wroclaw, 50-328 Wroclaw, Poland (A.B.) gorshkova@kibb.knc.ru ewa.mellerowicz@slu.se.</Affiliation>
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<LastName>Mokshina</LastName>
<ForeName>Natalia</ForeName>
<Initials>N</Initials>
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<Affiliation>Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Scientific Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia (T.G., N.M., T.C., N.I., V.S., P.M.);Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom (T.T., P.D.);Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umea Plant Science Centre, 90183 Umea, Sweden (A.B., P.I., E.J.M.); andInstitute of Experimental Biology, University of Wroclaw, 50-328 Wroclaw, Poland (A.B.).</Affiliation>
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<LastName>Chernova</LastName>
<ForeName>Tatyana</ForeName>
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<Affiliation>Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Scientific Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia (T.G., N.M., T.C., N.I., V.S., P.M.);Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom (T.T., P.D.);Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umea Plant Science Centre, 90183 Umea, Sweden (A.B., P.I., E.J.M.); andInstitute of Experimental Biology, University of Wroclaw, 50-328 Wroclaw, Poland (A.B.).</Affiliation>
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<LastName>Ibragimova</LastName>
<ForeName>Nadezhda</ForeName>
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<Affiliation>Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Scientific Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia (T.G., N.M., T.C., N.I., V.S., P.M.);Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom (T.T., P.D.);Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umea Plant Science Centre, 90183 Umea, Sweden (A.B., P.I., E.J.M.); andInstitute of Experimental Biology, University of Wroclaw, 50-328 Wroclaw, Poland (A.B.).</Affiliation>
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<LastName>Salnikov</LastName>
<ForeName>Vadim</ForeName>
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<Affiliation>Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Scientific Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia (T.G., N.M., T.C., N.I., V.S., P.M.);Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom (T.T., P.D.);Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umea Plant Science Centre, 90183 Umea, Sweden (A.B., P.I., E.J.M.); andInstitute of Experimental Biology, University of Wroclaw, 50-328 Wroclaw, Poland (A.B.).</Affiliation>
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<Affiliation>Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Scientific Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia (T.G., N.M., T.C., N.I., V.S., P.M.);Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom (T.T., P.D.);Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umea Plant Science Centre, 90183 Umea, Sweden (A.B., P.I., E.J.M.); andInstitute of Experimental Biology, University of Wroclaw, 50-328 Wroclaw, Poland (A.B.).</Affiliation>
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<Affiliation>Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Scientific Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia (T.G., N.M., T.C., N.I., V.S., P.M.);Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom (T.T., P.D.);Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umea Plant Science Centre, 90183 Umea, Sweden (A.B., P.I., E.J.M.); andInstitute of Experimental Biology, University of Wroclaw, 50-328 Wroclaw, Poland (A.B.).</Affiliation>
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<Affiliation>Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Scientific Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia (T.G., N.M., T.C., N.I., V.S., P.M.);Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom (T.T., P.D.);Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umea Plant Science Centre, 90183 Umea, Sweden (A.B., P.I., E.J.M.); andInstitute of Experimental Biology, University of Wroclaw, 50-328 Wroclaw, Poland (A.B.) gorshkova@kibb.knc.ru ewa.mellerowicz@slu.se.</Affiliation>
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